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“The Cincinnati Convention, In A Pickwickian Sense”
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April 13, 1872
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Thomas Nast
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Analogies, Literature;
Conventions, Political;
Presidential Election 1872;
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Davis, David;
Davis, Jefferson;
Fenton, Reuben;
Greeley, Horace;
Johnson, Andrew;
Schurz, Carl;
Seymour, Horatio;
Wood, Fernando;
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Ohio;
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Horace Pickwick. "Men and Brethren! A new leaf must be turned over, or there are breakers ahead. The Cincinnati Convention may prove a fiasco, or it may name the next President.

In
this Harper’s Weekly cartoon, Thomas Nast mocks the upcoming
Liberal Republican convention, which was set to convene in Cincinnati on
May 1, 1872. The cartoonist presents a careful parody of
illustrator Robert Seymour’s celebrated initial plate to Charles
Dickens’s novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.
Better known as The Pickwick Papers, this comic tale was first published serially in 1836-1837. As the story begins, the pompous Mr. Samuel Pickwick, Esq., has just
presented a paper entitled "Speculations on the Source of Hamstead
Ponds, with some Observations on the Theory of Tittlebats."
The novel's spoofing of the learned societies of the day harmonizes
nicely with cartoonist Nast's relentless ridiculing of New York Tribune
editor Horace Greeley's pretensions to expertise on numerous
subjects. In 1871, Greeley, who lived on a farm near Chappaqua,
New York, authored a book called What I Know About Farming.
In a series of cartoons, Nast places in Greeley's coat pocket a paper
with the book's title, replacing "Farming" with each cartoon's
topic (here, in the coat hanging on the wall, it is
"conventions").
As a leader of the Liberal Republican bolt against President Ulysses
S. Grant, Greeley appears as the title character, who "mounted into
the Windsor Chair on which he had previously been seated, and addressed
the club he himself had founded." In place of the fifteen
individuals represented in Seymour’s steel-plate etching, Nast’s
Greeley-Pickwick is surrounded by an ill-matched group of Liberal
Republicans, Democrats, and mavericks, each with his own agenda.
The banner overhead aptly begins, "Extremes Meet Here." The
cartoon's subtitle, with its mixed metaphors, is taken verbatim from
Greeley’s Tribune editorial of January 29, 1872.
The placards on the walls range from "The Millennium Has
Come" to "After This—Peace" (on the drapery valence),
the latter being a reference to Greeley’s appeal for universal amnesty
of former Confederates. The alleged hypocrisy of the Liberal Republican
Convention is emphasized by juxtaposing posters proclaiming liberal high-mindedness—"The
Liberal Infallibles" (an allusion to the 1869 decree of Papal
infallibility)—with signs promoting political expediency—"Anything
to Beat Grant"; and by placards pointing out the contradictory
nature of the convention-goers: free-traders and protectionists,
Democratic Republicans and Republican Democrats.
Although this cartoon features Greeley, the poster on the left-back
wall, reading (in part) "For Vice Pres. A Protectionist," puts
Nast in line with most political observers who expected Greeley, a trade
protectionist, to be selected as the convention’s vice-presidential
nominee. In fact, Greeley's operatives won him the presidential
nomination, which was also endorsed by the Democratic National
Convention a month
later.
The "club" members are (clockwise from the editor’s
left): Frank Blair, 1868 Democratic vice-presidential nominee; Senator
Carl Schurz, organizer of the Liberal Republicans of Missouri; Governor
B. Gratz Brown of Missouri, soon to be the vice-presidential nominee;
former Confederate president Jefferson Davis; Horatio Seymour, 1868
Democratic nominee for president; former president Andrew Johnson;
Fernando Wood, Democratic congressman and former mayor of New York City;
Liberal Republican Senator Thomas Tipton of Nebraska; Supreme Court
justice David Davis, nominated for president in February by the Labor
Reform Convention at Columbus, and understood to be available for both
the Liberal Republican and Democratic nominations; George Francis Train,
eccentric author, lecturer, and quasi-politician; as well as Liberal
Republican senators Reuben Fenton of New York and Lyman Trumbull of
Illinois. Notice that in contrast to the fourteen others, the
temperance-minded Greeley has a glass of water to drink.
Robert C. Kennedy
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