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"Father Knickerbocker"

"Help! This is more than I can carry."

This Harper's Weekly cartoon by C. G. Bush depicts the plight of the
ill-fated proposal to hold the 1892 World's Fair in New York City.
In the summer of 1889, New Yorkers began planning to host the International
Columbian Exposition (or World's Fair) in 1892, in celebration of the 400th
anniversary of the European discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in
1492. It was estimated that 20 million people, averaging 100,000 a day,
would visit the World's Fair in New York. By late August 1889, the fair's
committee on site and buildings narrowed possible locations down to six areas:
Inwood; Oak Point-Barretto Point; Port Morris; Claremont Park-Fleetwood
racetrack; Cedar Park; and, Morningside Park-Riverside Park-Bloomingdale Asylum
lands. (See map from Harper's Weekly issue dated
September 21, 1889, p. 764.)
In the autumn, a controversy arose when the committee's favored site of
Morningside, Riverside, and Bloomingdale was expanded to include the northern 19
acres of Central Park, known as the North Meadows. (See
map
from Harper's Weekly issue dated October 12, 1889, p. 819.) Harper's Weekly editorialized that to even consider disturbing the
rural oasis of Central Park was "audacious" and
"preposterous." A cartoon at the time posed a resolute Father Knickerbocker,
a symbol of New York, warning "the invaders of Central Park" that they
could not "break ground here, gentlemen, without breaking the law [which
established Central Park], and the law will not be changed with my
consent." Over several weeks, the newspaper continued to criticize
the proposed annexation of a section of Central Park, and printed a double-page
illustration showing residents enjoying the North Meadows as an ideal place for
relaxation and recreation. In November, the committee abandoned the notion
of using Central Park.
Other problems, though, began to surface. There were indications that
not all New Yorkers were eager about the prospects of hosting the international
exposition. As Harper's Weekly observed, "it seems now as if
the press had somewhat exaggerated the enthusiasm of the city upon the
subject," and by December was reporting that "the project of the great
Fair plainly languishes." Furthermore, politics began to enter the
picture. The journal worried that Tammany Hall, led by the corrupt
Richard Croker, would "be allowed to handle the enormous sums of money, and
control all the labor necessary in preparation for the great occasion. It
may be safely said that if politics get into the enterprise, politics will
bedevil it."
That is the theme of this cartoon: political intrigue over the World's
Fair has become too much of a burden for the feeble Father Knickerbocker to
bear. The same issue contains an editorial complaining about a World's
Fair bill in the state legislature "involving an enormous expenditure and
constitutional doubts, privately completed at the last moment, and without
public knowledge or discussion of any kind sent up by railroad speed to Albany
in the evening, introduced into the Legislature the next morning, and its
immediate passage demanded without reference or deliberation, under penalty of
denunciation of the Legislature as hostile to the honor and interests of the
State."
Despite their bickering, New Yorkers were nearly unanimous in their
assumption that Congress would designate their metropolis, if they so desired,
as the host city. It came as a shock, therefore, when in late February
1890 Congress named Chicago as the site for the International Columbian
Exposition. Chicagoans had also begun planning in the summer of 1889 to
host the World's Fair, but New Yorkers largely ignored their efforts.
Chicago, however, simply outworked New York by organizing favorable petitions from
countless civic organizations and surrounding townships, personally lobbying
Congressmen, and boosting their city in the press via a "National Agitation" committee.
Robert C. Kennedy
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